Dec 22, 2009

Difference between AIX and Solaris

Solaris and AIX Installation perform following activity similarly :

  • Probe the hardware for devices and load the appropriate device drivers
  • Assign a host name
  • Set up a network setup type, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or
  • Static IP
  • If you choose static IP, you will be asked to enter the IP address, subnet
  • Mask, default gateway, and Domain Name System (DNS) servers to use.
  • Select a region type to use for languages
  • Select a time zone
  • Select the initial or upgrade installation type
  • Prompt for a hard disk to use for root partition
  • Prompt for an automatic or manual disk layout for the file systems
  • Prompt for the software bundle or packages to install

We can Differentiate AIX and Solaris in following Manner:

Tasks

SOLARIS

AIX 5 L

Set bootlist and hardware

“Boot” command at OK prompt

E.g. boot disk0

System maintenance service menu (SMS)

Automated live patch

upgrade

Patch Manager

Service Update

Management Assistant

Install preserving user

data

Live Upgrade

Preservation installation

Install operating system

(OS) on another disk

Live Upgrade

alt_disk_install

( Reduces the downtime in production environment )

Network installation

Jumpstart™

_ Flash Install

Network Install Manager

Create installation server

setup_install_server

install_dir_path

nimconfig

Create a boot server for

network install

setup_install_server -b

smitty nim_config_env

Set up a client for network

installation

add_install_client

smitty nim_mkmac

Display current OS level

Uname -a

Oslevel -r

Display installed

packages

pkginfo

pkginfo

Display installed patches

showrev -p

instfix -ia

Backup

As Solaris is having Universal file system backup has been taken by:

Ufsdump command

There are two ways we can take backup

Mksysb backup by which we can take os image backup. After taking image backup on the tape or any device(tape/cd) we can use this tape as bootable device in critical situation

Savevg backup by which we can take normal vg backup

Disk identification

Echo | format

E.g.

format

Searching for disks...done

AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS:

0. c1t0d0 <SUN72G cyl 14087 alt 2 hd 24 sec 424>

Lsdev –Cc disk

E.g.

lsdev -Cc disk

hdisk0 Available 10-60-00-8,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive

hdisk1 Available 10-60-00-9,0 16 Bit SCSI Disk Drive

hdisk2 Available 10-70-00-0,0 SCSI Disk Array RAID 5

hdisk3 Available 10-70-00-1,0 SCSI Disk Array RAID 0

hdisk4 Available 10-70-00-2,0 SCSI Disk Array RAID 0

hdisk5 Available 10-70-00-3,0 SCSI Disk Array RAID 0

Vendor information

Format /inquire

Lscfg –vl hdisk

Disk analysis

format / analyse

diag

Create a volume group

N/A

Mkvg

Create a logical volume

metainit volumename

raidtype devices...

Mklv

Enable the volume or

volume group

N/A

Varyonvg

Disable the volume or

volume group

N/A

Varyoffvg

Export a volume group

N/A

Exportvg

Delete the volume or

volume group

metaclear

rmlv

Extend a volume or logical

volume

metadetach Volname

devicename

extendlv

Extend a file system after

volume has been grown

Growfs

Chfs

Reduce a volume or logical

volume

metadetach Volname

devicename

Chfs

Add a device to the volume

or volume group

metattach or metaini t

extendvg

Delete a device from the

volume or volume group

metadetach

reducevg

Install package

pkgadd

installp -a

Display installed package

pkginfo or

_ pkgparam

lslpp -al

Remove software package

pkgrm

installp -u

Upgrade or install package

pkgadd

install_all_updates

Verify correct installation

pkgchk

lppchk -v

List the contents of an installed package

Look in

/var/sadm/install/contents

lslpp -f fileset

Check which file belongs to which

package

/usr/sbin/pkgchk -lp somefile

lslpp -w

/pathname/filename

Check package information

pkginfo -l

lslpp -al | grep

fileset

Device Management Difference:

SOLARIS

AIX 5L

Description

/dev

/dev

Contains logical device files

/devices

Stored in the Object Data

Manager (ODM) custom

device class

Contains physical device files

devfsadm

cfgmgr

rmdev

mkdev

Commands that create and manage the

device files

Solaris logical disk devices

Solaris administrators refer to disk devices by selecting the subdirectory that it is

linked to (either /dev/rdsk or /dev/dsk), followed by a string of information that

indicates the specific controller, disk, and slice:

/dev/dsk/c[1]t[2]d[3]s[4]

In this:

_ 1 refers to the logical controller number

_ 2 refers to the physical bus target number

_ 3 refers to the disk number

_ 4 refers to the slice or partition number

AIX 5L disk devices

AIX 5L administrators refer to a disk device by its hdisk name.

/dev/hdisk[x]

In this, x is the number of the hard disk.

AIX 5L device naming does not include the controller, target, or disk number in

the disk device name. AIX 5L does not use a slice or partition number as Solaris

does. For more information about how AIX 5L manages the disks and the file

systems,

To determine the controller that an hdisk is on, use the lspath command.

lspath -H -l hdisk1
The system will display a message similar to the following:
status device parent
enabled hdisk1 scsi0


logical device access commands in Solaris and AIX 5L:










































Solaris



AIX 5L



df /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0



df /dev/hd1a



fsck /dev/rdsk/c1t3d0s4



fsck /dev/hd1



mount /dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0 /mnt/1



mount -v jfs2 -o log=/dev/loglv00



/dev/fslv00 /mnt



newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d1s1



mkfs /dev/lv01



prtvtoc /dev/dsk/c1t1d0s0



N/A because AIX 5L does not use disk



slices





Quick reference for device management












































































Task



Solaris



AIX



Run multiple tasks in a



graphical user interface



(GUI) environment



smc



_ smit



_ Web-based System



Manager



Configure a device



(dynamic reconfiguration)



_ cfgadm



_ devfsadm



cfgmgr



Add a device with the



command line



devfsadm



Mkdev



Remove an SCSI device



_ luxadm (for Sun



storage only)



_ devfsadm -C



Rmdev



Change attributes for a



device



No equivalent



Chdev



List devices



Ø _ prtconf



Ø _ sysdef



Ø _ dmesg



Ø _ prtdiag



Ø _ kstat



Prtconf



Lscfg



;lsdev



List the configuration



attributes for devices



No equivalent



lsattr -El



List vital product data



(serial number, model,



vendor, part number) of a



device



No equivalent



We can find it by using



Prtfru –v command



Lscfg –vl device name



e.g. lscfg –vl rmt0




 



Network commands and configuration files differences:




















































































































Task



Solaris



AIX 5L



Configure TCP/IP interface



Edit the following files:



Ø _ /etc/hostname*



Ø _ /etc/inet/*



Ø _ /etc/defaultrouter



Ø _ /etc/defaultdomain



_ /etc/nodename



_ /etc/netmasks



[smit,wsm] tcpip



Display interface status and



statistics



netstat -i



_ ifconfig



netstat -i



_ ifconfig



Display interface settings



ifconfig



ifconfig



Configure interface



ifconfig



ifconfig



Check various network statistics



netstat



netstat



Change name server or



domains



vi /etc/resolv.conf



namerslv



_ vi /etc/resolv.conf



_ smitty namerslv



Specify name services search



order



vi /etc/nsswitch.conf



vi /etc/netsvc.conf



Set up Dynamic Host



Configuration Protocol (DHCP)



dhcpconfig



Ø _ dhcpmgr



Ø _ dhcpinfo



Ø _ dhtadm



Ø _ pntadm



Ø _ dhcpsconf



Ø _ dhcpaction



Ø _ dhcprd



Ø _ bootptodhcp



Ø _ dadmin



Check routing table



netstat -r



_ route



netstat -r



_ route



_ smitty route



Modify routing table



route



smitty route



_ route



Test for connectivity



ping



ping



Check IP path



traceroute



traceroute



Capture network packets



snoop



tcpdump



_ iptrace/ipreport




 



Booting and Shutdown












































































Tasks



Solaris



AIX 5L



Boot process



Phases:



_ Boot PROM: Display system



information, run POST, load



bootblk, locate ufsboot



_ Boot programs: bootblk loads



and executes the ufsboot



_ Kernel initialization: ufsboot



loads and executes the core



kernel, initializes core kernel



data structures, loads other



kernel modules based on the



/etc/system file, starts /sbin/init



program



_ init: Starts other processes



based on the /etc/inittab file



Phases:



_ ROS: Check the system board, perform



POST, locate the boot image, load the



boot image into memory, begin system



initialization and execute phase 1 of



the/etc/rc.boot script



_ Base device configuration: Start



Configuration Manager to configure



base devices



_ System boot: Start init process phase 2,



switch to hard disk root file system, start



other processes defined by records in



the /etc/inittab file and execute phase 3



of the /etc/rc.boot script



Kernel modules



directory



directories:



_ /platform/sparc/kernel or



/platform/i86pc/kernel



_ /kernel



_ /usr/kernel



Kernel and kernel extension modules are



stored in two directories:



_ /usr/lib/boot



_ /usr/lib/drivers



System-run levels



Eight run levels:



_ 0: Power-down state



_ s or S: Single-user state



_ 1: Administrative state



_ 2: Multiuser state



_ 3: Multiuser state with NFS



resources shared (default run



level)



_ 4: Alternative multiuser (nit in



use)



_ 5: Power-down state



_ 6: Reboot to run level 3 state



Defined run levels:



_ 0-1: Reserved for future use



_ 2: Multiuser mode with NFS resources



shared (default run level)



_ 3-9: Defined according to user’s



Preferences



_ m, M, s, S: Single-user mode



(maintenance level)



_ a, b, c: Starts processes assigned to the



new run levels while leaving the existing



processes at the current level running



_ Q, q: init command to reexamine the



/etc/inittab file



Determine a



system’s run level



who -r



who -r



Change a



system’s run level



Choose one of the following:



Ø _ halt



Ø _ init



Ø _ poweroff



Ø _ reboot



Ø _ shutdown



Ø _ telinit



Ø _ uadmin



_ init or



_ telinit level number



Startup script



/sbin/rc run-level number



/etc/rc



Shutdown and



reboot



reboot or



_ shutdown -i 6



reboot (single-user mode) or



_ Shutdown -Fr



Shutdown



Ø _ init 5



Ø _ shutdown



Ø _ halt or



Ø _ poweroff (ok prompt only)



shutdown or



halt




 



Displaying system information












































































































Task



Solaris



AIX 5L



System information



uname



uname



Processor information



prtdiag or



psrinfo



lsdev or



lsattr



Memory size



prtdiag or



prtconf



lsattr -El mem0



Mounted file system



information



df



df



Mounted file system



information



du



du



Host name information



host name or



uname -n



host name or



uname -n



Serial number


 

lsattr -El sys0 |grep system



List process



prstat



top



ps



nmon



topas



ps



Adapter location



prtdiag, cfgadm or



cat /etc/path_to_inst



lsdev



lscfg or



lsslot



Network IP



ifconfig



ifconfig



Network route



route



route



Network connection



feature



ndd or



kstat



netstat -v




 



User Administration:




















































































































Task



Solaris



AIX



Adding users



useradd



mkuser



Removing users



userdel



rmuser



Displaying currently



logged users



who or



who or



Displaying users and their



attributes



listusers



_ logins



lsuser



Password files



/etc/passwd and



_ /etc/shadow



/etc/passwd and



_ /etc/security/passwd



Administering user



password



passwd



passwd



chpasswd



or



pwdadm



Modifying user account



usermod



chuser



System-wide environment



file



/etc/profile



_ /etc/profile and



_ /etc/environment



Adding a group



groupadd



mkgroup



Group files



/etc/group



_ /etc/group



_ /etc/security/group



Modifying a group



groupmod



chgroup



Deleting a group



groupdel



rmgroup



Defining system resource



limits for user



ulimit



/etc/security/limits



or



_ ulimit




 



Managing syslog












































Task



Solaris



AIX



Managing syslog



/usr/sbin/syslogd



/usr/sbin/syslogd



Configuration file for syslog



/etc/syslog.conf



/etc/syslog.conf



Refresh syslogd after a



change to the configuration



file



kill -HUP syslogd-pid



refresh -p syslogd-pid



Diagnostics messages for



bootup problems



/var/adm/messages (if



kern.debug messages are



being logged)



/var/adm/ras/bootlog




 



References:




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